Japanese Traditional (Kampo) Medicine for the “Osome Cold” (“Russian Flu”) Pandemic that Started in 1890 in Japan / 日本東洋医学雑誌

In this article, we focus on Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicine for the 1889 “Russian flu (Osome cold)”. The influenza pandemic arrived in Japan in 1890 (Meiji 23), and returned in waves over the next several years. The Kampo medicine at that time is described in “Ryukokanbo Setsu (Influenza Editorial)” by Sohaku Asada and “Tenkojikikanbo Zeisetsu (Epidemic Disorder Editorial)” by Masaharu Okada, in “Wakan Irin Shinshi (New Journal of Japanese-Chinese traditional medicine)”. There are prescriptions in “Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases)” for both daiseiryuto and keishinieppito, as well as for formulas of Gosei School, such as gekito, saikogedokuto, shoyosankato, kyushikososan, wageto, jusshinto and kososan. As candidates to cause this pandemic, both the novel influenzavirus-H3 and the novel coronavirus-OC43 are considered. In contrast to Western medicine, which must deal with each virus, Kampo medicine was as effective for the Russian flu, as it was for the Spanish flu.

Expression of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) in Sex-associated Malignancies

@#Introduction: Sex shapes immune response with possible consequence on tumor immune escape. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) predominates in males while ovarian cancer (OC) occurs in females. NK cells essential for tumor killing may have male preponderance. Association of sex, NK cell activity and malignancies is unclear. We hypothesize that sex differentially affects KIR expressions in sex-biased cancers. Method: Expression of inhibitory (KIR2DL1-5 and KIR3DL1-3) and activating (KIR2DS1-2 and 4-5 and KIR3DS1) genes in B-, T-cell ALL, OC and normal controls were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase-chain-reaction. Result: All normal males (but not females) expressed the framework genes and generally maintained haplotype A, except KIR3DL1. Normal females expressed more activating KIRs. Frequencies of KIR2DL1, 2DL4 and 2DS2 were significantly reduced among ovarian cancer patients. Sex difference in frequencies of KIR expression was not detected in ALL as majority were undetectable except framework gene KIR3DL2, was more frequent among T-ALL. Conclusion: Cancers may be associated with reduced KIR expression and influence of sex requires investigation.

Mechanisms of Guizhi Fulingwan Against Ovarian Cancer： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ovarian cancer （OC） is one of the three major gynecological malignancies. Due to its insidious onset at the early stage，most of OC patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage， making it become one of the most deadly gynecological tumors and thus a hot topic in the field of gynecology and oncology. Guizhi Fulingwan is a classic Chinese herbal compound derived from Synopsis of Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》） for the treatment of abdominal mass in women on account of its efficacy in resolving stasis， generating new blood， and eliminating mass. The articles concerning the treatment of OC with Guizhi Fulingwan were searched from such databases as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， PubMed，Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform， and Chongqing Weipu Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals （VIP） and collated for expounding its action mechanisms， in order to provide ideas for further research on its pharmacological effects，clinical application， and promotion. Clinically，Guizhi Fulingwan has been proved to control the growth of myoma，correct serological indexes，enhance chemotherapy sensitivity and anti-tumor immunity，reduce postoperative recurrence rate， and improve the quality of life of patients. As revealed by experimental research，Guizhi Fulingwan alleviates the pathological state of animal and cell models by promoting mitochondrial apoptosis and tumor immunity，inhibiting vascular factors，inducing cell cycle arrest， and reversing multidrug resistance. Guizhi Fulingwan exerts a certain therapeutic effect on OC through multi-target and multi-channel mechanisms， reflecting the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in treating OC.

Mechanism of sodium salicylate-induced damage to HEI-OC1 cells based on metabonomics / 中国药科大学学报

@#The effect of sodium salicylate on the endogenous metabolism of hair cell-like cells (HEI-OC1).of mice was analyzed based on liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS).Firstly, HEI-OC1 cells were treated with different concentrations of sodium salicylate, and cell survival was examined by the CCK-8 method. Next, sodium salicylate was administered for different duration to observe the changes in cell morphology. Inter-group differential metabolites were screened out, and the associated metabolic pathways were analyzed based on metabonomic technology.Results showed that sodium salicylate could significantly inhibit the survival rate of HEI-OC1 cells, and that, as the concentration increased, the inhibitory effect became stronger. Also, the cell morphology could be elongated after administration and return to normal after withdrawal.Eighteen differential metabolites such as orotic acid, uridine and aspartic acid were screened out after treatment of sodium salicylate, which mainly involving two possible metabolic pathways, namely the metabolism of alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and that of pyrimidine.In summary, the application of metabolomics technology to evaluate the effect of sodium salicylate on hair cells from the microscopic perspective can provide new ideas for the study of sodium salicylate ototoxicity and development of tinnitus.

Repurposing carrimycin as an antiviral agent against human coronaviruses, including the currently pandemic SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection severely threatens global health and economic development. No effective antiviral drug is currently available to treat COVID-19 and any other human coronavirus infections. We report herein that a macrolide antibiotic, carrimycin, potently inhibited the cytopathic effects (CPE) and reduced the levels of viral protein and RNA in multiple cell types infected by human coronavirus 229E, OC43, and SARS-CoV-2. Time-of-addition and pseudotype virus infection studies indicated that carrimycin inhibited one or multiple post-entry replication events of human coronavirus infection. In support of this notion, metabolic labelling studies showed that carrimycin significantly inhibited the synthesis of viral RNA. Our studies thus strongly suggest that carrimycin is an antiviral agent against a broad-spectrum of human coronaviruses and its therapeutic efficacy to COVID-19 is currently under clinical investigation.

Blood component quality sampling: the use of characteristic curve scheme / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the optimal sampling scheme for functional indexes of blood components, so as to ensure the accuracy of sampling. 【Methods】 The operation characteristic curves of 5 sampling schemes as (4, 1), (6, 1), (8, 2), (10, 2) and (12, 3) were drawn based on the characteristic curve theory of sampling inspection, the discriminability of those 5 sampling schemes was compared, and the risk of misjudgment and omission of sampling schemes was analyzed. 【Results】 The discriminability of 5 sampling schemes from high to low were (10, 2), (6, 1), (12, 3), (8, 2) and (4, 1), ; the operation characteristic curves of scheme (10, 2) were in basic concordance with (6, 1), (12, 3) and (8, 2) as the percent defective was <0.25. The risk of misjudgment of the 5 sampling schemes was low, and the risk of omission was high in scheme (4, 1)(0.738, 3), and low in (10, 2) and (6, 1) (0.525 6 and 0.533 9, respectively). 【Conclusion】 On the premise of strictly controlling the process of blood collection and supply and ensuring the quality of blood preparations, the sampling scheme (4, 1) can effectively monitor the stability of the whole process. However, for blood preparations with high nonconforming rate, sampling scheme (6, 1) or (10, 2) was recommended as the sampling amount should be elevated appropriately.

Human coronavirus OC43 and its correlation with SARS-CoV-2 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) belong to the β-coronavirus genus. Since the discovery in 1967, HCoV-OC43 has been continuously circulating in human population and has become one of the common seasonal respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2, which has a higher morbidity and fatality rate, appeared at the end of 2019, followed by the emergence of a variety of variants, and the transmission and infection capacity of SARS-CoV-2 has been enhanced. HCoV-OC43 may be similar to SARS-CoV-2 in terms of genomic structure and function, species evolution, epidemic characteristics and clinical manifestations. In this review, the epidemiology, genomics, phylogenetic evolution and other aspects of HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. Such an analysis would be helpful to understand the association and differences between the two viruses, and provide reference for understanding the potential threats of HCoV-OC43.

Regulatory Mechanism of Zedoary Turmeric Oil on VEGFA， STAT3 and mTOR in Ovarian Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects and mechanism of zedoary turmeric oil and its active components on the vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and mechanistic target of rapamycin （mTOR） in the ovarian cancer （OC）. Method:Network pharmacology technology was employed to analyze the mechanism of Curcumae Rhizoma on OC. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the expression of VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in OC and the effect on the prognosis of OC to explore the feasibility of zedoary turmeric oil in regulating VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in OC.The xenograft tumor model of nude mice was established， and the effects of zedoary turmeric oil and its active components on VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in OC were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， Western blot， and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. Result:Bioinformatics analysis and literature research showed that VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR played a special regulatory role in the occurrence and development of OC， and were potential key targets for the proliferation of OC. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that Curcumae Rhizoma could regulate multiple disease targets of OC， and mediate VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in OC through these multiple targets. As demonstrated by HE staining， the tumor cells in the model group were densely arranged， with no erosion on the edge and no vesicles inside. Compared with the model group， the cell density in other treatment groups was reduced， and strip-shaped erosion on the edge and small empty vesicles were observed in the tumor tissue， especially in the zedoary turmeric oil group. According to the results of Real-time PCR and IHC， zedoary turmeric oil and its active components could inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in the OC tissue （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Zedoary turmeric oil and its active components could reduce the expression of VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR in tumor tissue of nude mice， and inhibited the proliferation of OC through VEGFA， STAT3， and mTOR.

Development of a LC-MS/MS Method for a New Ortho-aryl Chalcone Compound of OC26 and its Application to Bile

Background OC26 and its pro-drug BOC26P, both ortho-aryl chalcone compounds, showed a well-definedantitumor activity in various cancer cells especially in drug-resistant tumor cell lines.Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the bile excretion characteristics of OC26 after OC26 and BOC26Padministered in rats respectively.Method An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method wasdeveloped and validated for OC26 in rat bile. Liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate method was use to pretreatthe bile samples. After that, a gradient mobile phase at a flow rate 0.5mL/min of acetonitrile and 2mM CH3COONH4with 0.1% aqueous ammonia solution (v/v) and the positive ion alternate mode separated and quantified OC26.Bile samples were collected from rats after intravenous injection (i.v) 12.5mg/kg of OC26 and BOC26P, respectively.Results For method validation, the method showed high extraction recovery. The assay showed a good linearitywith correlation coefficient >0.99 at the concentration ranges of 20-2000ng/mL. All data were within the requiredlimits. The bile excretion results showed that the excretion amount of OC26 was gradually stabilized after 2h. Theaccumulative excretion percentage of OC26 after i.v 12.5mg/kg BOC26P was significantly higher than that of OC26after i.v 12.5mg/kg OC26. Significant gender differences were also observed in bile excretion of OC26.Conclusion This method was selective, sensitive and reliable and successfully applied to the bile excretion of OC26.This study provided theoretical basis for OC26 further research.

Upper Zone of Growth Plate and Cartilage Matrix (UCMA) Levels in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health problem across the world affecting the adult population with an enormous social and economic burden. Calcium regulation is also affected in patients with CKD, and related to several disorders including vascular calcifications, mineral bone disorders, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Upper zone of growth plate and cartilage matrix (UCMA) is vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP) and acts as a calcification inhibitor in the cardiovascular system. The molecular mechanism of UCMA action remains unclear in CKD. In the current study, we aimed to investigate serum total UCMA levels and its association with calcium metabolism parameters in CKD patients including hemodialysis (HD) patients. Thirty-seven patients with CKD stage 3-5, 41 HD patients, and 34 healthy individuals were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum UCMA and calcification related protein levels (Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), Osteocalcin (OC), and Fetuin-A) were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Calcium mineral disorder parameters (Serum Ca, P, iPTH) were quantified with routine techniques. We, for the first time, report the potential biomarker role of UCMA in CKD including HD. Serum total UCMA levels were significantly higher in patients with CKD including HD patients than the healthy controls. Also, serum UCMA levels showed negative correlations with serum calcium, and eGFR, while showed positive relationships with P, iPTH, MGP, OC. Increased total UCMA levels may have a role in the Ca metabolism disorder and related to the pathogenesis of Vascular Calcification in patients with CKD.

Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes ovarian cancer cell migration and cisplatin resistance via regulating epithelial mesenchymal transition / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Objective: Drug-resistance and metastasis are major reasons for the high mortality of ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a critical role in OC development. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of COX-2 on migration and cisplatin (cis-dichloro diammine platinum, CDDP) resistance of OC cells and explore its related mechanisms. Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity effects of celecoxib (CXB) and CDDP on SKOV3 and ES2 cells. The effect of COX-2 on migration was evaluated via the healing test. Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to analyze E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, and Slug levels. Results: COX-2 promoted drug-resistance and cell migration. CXB inhibited these effects. The combination of CDDP and CXB increased tumor cell sensitivity, reduced the amount of CDDP required, and shortened treatment administration time. COX-2 upregulation increased the expression of Snail and Slug, resulting in E-cadherin expression downregulation and vimentin upregulation. Conclusions: COX-2 promotes cancer cell migration and CDDP resistance and may serve as a potential target for curing OC.

Effect of Serum from Kidney Yang Deficiency Rats on Expression of β-catenin/OPG/RANKL in OB-OC Co-culture System and Regulatory of Icariin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of serum of kidney Yang deficiency rats on the expression of β-catenin，osteoprotegerin(OPG) and nuclear transcription factor-κB receptor activator ligand (RANKL) in the co-culture system and regulatory of icariin on it， and to explore the possible mechanism of inducing osteoporosis.Method:The 16 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group and model group， 8 rats in each group. 10 mL·kg-1 adenine was administrated to stomach to establish kidney yang deficiency model. Serum was separated and extracted after the model was established successfully. Isolation and culture of osteoblast（OB） and osteoclast（OC） in vitro， OB was observed and identified by alkaline phosphatase（ALP），alizarin red and Giemsa staining， OC was identified by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase（TRAP） staining， OB-OC co-culture system was established in transwell cell， icariin group（100 μmol·L-1）， blank group， icariin（100 μmol·L-1） + serum group， serum group and Dickkopf1（DKK-1） drug（100 μg·L-1） were set up in group ， 2 days after intervention of co-culture system， OC was counted， ALP and TRAP in supernatant were detected by microplate enzyme labeling， and the expression of OPG，β-catenin and RANKL in each group was detected by Western blot.Result:Compared with blank group， the ALP activity，β-catenin and OPG protein expression in serum group were significant reduction （P<0.05）， while the OC quantity， TRAP activity and RANKL protein expression were marked increase （P<0.05）. Compared with serum group， ALP activity of icariin group decreased significantly （P<0.01）， Compared with icariin group， ALP activity and OPG protein expression decreased （P<0.05）， trap activity and RANKL expression increased （P <0.05） in icariin + serum group.Conclusion:The serum of kidney Yang deficiency rats can induce the occurrence of osteoporosis， and the mechanism of action may be through inhibition of ALP activity， down regulating the expression of β-catenin and OPG protein， increasing the activity of TRAP and the expression of RANKL protein.

LncRNA OIP5-AS1 upregulates snail expression by sponging miR-34a to promote ovarian carcinoma cell invasion and migration

BACKGROUND: Although OIP5-AS1 has been characterized as an oncogenic lncRNA in many types of cancer, its role and underlying mechanism in ovarian carcinoma (OC) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of OIP5-AS1 in OC. METHODS: OC tissues and non-tumor tissues (ovary tissues within 3 cm around tumors) were collected from 58 OC patients (age range 36 to 67 years old, mean age 51.4 ± 5.9 years old). The expression of OIP5-AS1 and snail in paired tissues were determined by RT-qPCR. The interaction between OIP5-AS1 and miR-34a was predicted by IntaRNA2.0 and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. The effects of overexpression of OIP5-AS1 and miR-34a on the expression of snail were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Cell invasion and migration were analyzed by Transwell assay. RESULTS: We observed that the expression of OIP5-AS1 and snail was upregulated and positively correlated with each other in OC. RNA-RNA interaction analysis showed that OIP5-AS1 might sponge miR-34a. In OC cells, overexpression of OIP5-AS1 resulted in the upregulated expression of snail, while overexpression of miR-34a downregulated the expression of snail. In addition, overexpression of miR-34a reduced the effects of overexpression of OIP5-AS1 on the expression of snail. In cell invasion and migration assay, overexpression of OIP5-AS1 and snail resulted in increased OC cell invasion and migration, while overexpression of miR-34a decreased OC cell invasion and migration. Moreover, overexpression of miR-34a attenuated the effects of OIP5-AS1 overexpression on OC cell invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, OIP5-AS1 may upregulate snail expression in OC by sponging miR-34a to promote OC cell invasion and migration.

Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in females in the reproductive age group

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among reproductive age group females. The objective of present study is to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, its distribution and association of risk factors among reproductive age group females, attending the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology of our Prime Medical Centre, Sharjah attached with Prime Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE).Methods: It was cross-sectional descriptive study over a period of six months. Patients who came to our outpatient department with complains of vaginal discharge and itching in reproductive age group were included in this study. Patients characteristics i.e. age, parity, risk factors like diabetes, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPills) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) were noted. High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected and sent for culture. Candida positive cases were noted, and results were analyzed.Results: A total of 224 high vaginal swabs were collected. Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis was found to be 31.6%. It was found more in 26-30 years age group and multiparous women. Previous history of candidiasis and diabetes were the commonest risk factors. Frequency of C. albicans was more (76.05%) than non-albicans candida (23.94%).Conclusions: Present study concluded that vulvovaginal candidiasis is more prevalent in reproductive age group females, therefore a routine high vaginal swab culture must be performed in every woman presenting with vaginal discharge and itching for correct diagnosis. Women should be educated on clinical symptoms.

The influence of STAT2 siRNA inhibition on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of signal transducers and activators of transcription 2(STAT2) on the apoptosis of oxidative stress-induced HEI-OC1 hair cells. METHODS: With random number table method,HEI-OC1 hair cells were divided into interference group and non-interference group. The artificial synthesis design targeted STAT2 small interfering RNA(siRNA) and opti-modified Eagle medium(opti-MEM) were added into the interference group, and only the opti-MEM was added into the non-interfere group. The 0, 20, 40, 60 μmol/L of tertiary butyl peroxide hydrogen(t-BHP) was added into the interference and non-interference group. Western blotting was used to detect the relative expression of STAT2 and cysteine protease(caspase)-3. The apoptotic rate of hair cells was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: In the interference group and non-interference group, the apoptotic rate of HEI-OC1 cells and the relative expression level of STAT2, Caspase-3 increased with the dose of t-BHP(P<0.01). The apoptotic rate of HEI-OC1 cells and the relative expression level of Caspase-3 in the interference group with 20, 40, 60 μmol/L of t-BHP were higher than that of the 20, 40 μmol/L group(P<0.01). The apoptotic rate of HEI-OC1 cells in the interference group was higher than those in the non-interference group with the same dose(P<0.01), while the relative expression level of STAT2 was lower than those in the non-interference group with the same dose(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Inhibiting oxidative stress and STAT2 expression in hair cells can lead to aggravation of apoptosis. STAT2 has anti-apoptotic effect.

Decreased Expression of TRPV4 Channels in HEI-OC1 Cells Induced by High Glucose Is Associated with Hearing Impairment

PURPOSE: Previous reports have shown that hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid sub type 4 (TRPV4), a transient receptor potential ion channel, affects the severity of hearing impairment (HI). In this study, we explored the role of TRPV4 in HI using HEI-OC1 cells exposed to high glucose (HG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: HEI-OC1 cells were cultured in a HG environment (25 mM D-glucose) for 48 hours, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of TRPV4 at the mRNA and protein level. TRPV4 agonist (GSK1016790A) or antagonist (HC-067047) in cultured HEI-OC1 cells was used to obtain abnormal TRPV4 expression. Functional TRPV4 activity was assessed in cultured HEI-OC1 cells using the MTT assay and a cell death detection ELISA. RESULTS: TRPV4 agonists exerted protective effects against HG-induced HI, as evidenced by increased MTT levels and inhibition of apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells. TRPV4 overexpression significantly increased protein levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK), while TRPV4 antagonists had the opposite effect. Our results indicated that TRPV4 is a hyperglycemia-related factor that can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis by activating the MAPK signaling pathway in HEI-OC1 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the overexpression of TRPV4 can attenuate cell death in HEI-OC1 cells exposed to HG.

Analysis of the Relevance between t-BHP Induced Apoptosis and STATs mRNA Expression in HEI-OC1 Cells / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the biological effects of (Janus Kinase-Signal transducers and activators of transcription,AK-STATs)path-way in hair cell apoptosis by analyzing the expression level of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATS) of apoptotic HEI-OC1 cells line induced by oxidative stress injury.Methods Using different poisoning concentrations (0,20,40,60μM) of(Tert-Butyl hydroperoxide,T-BHP) built the apoptotic HEI-OC1 cells model while 0 μM was used as the control group.The apoptosis level at different poisoning concentration groups was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI and the expression level of STATs mRNA by real-time quantitative PCR detecting system.Results The apoptosis rates in different contamination groups(0,20,40,60 μM) were 3.9％,7.4％,32.0％,and 91.2％,respectively.Compared with control group,STAT1 mRNA,STAT3 mRNA,STATS mRNA,and STAT6 mRNA expression levels in different poisoning concentration groups declined significantly (F=5 534.302,P＜0.01;F=146.038,P＜0.01;F=685.929,P＜0.01;F=516.11,P＜ 0.01).No statistically significant differences were found among the poisoning concentration groups (P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,the STAT2 mRNA expression levels changed significantly (F=1 259.148,P＜ 0.01).The STAT2 mRNA expression level in 20 μM contamination group decreased while 40,60 μM contamination group increased significantly (P＜0.01).No expression of STAT4 in HEI-OC1 cell was noted.Conclusion The JAK-STAT2 signal pathway has the biological effects on leading oxidative stress injury apoptosis and JAK-STAT1/STAT3/STAT5/STAT6 has the biological effect of inhibit oxidative stress injury apoptosis.

Molecular epidemiological study of human coronavirus OC43 in Shanghai from 2009-2016 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Human coronavirus (HCoV), the patterns of emergence and circulation, and the genotype distribution of human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) from November, 2009 to April, 2016 in Shanghai.@*Methods@#A total of 6 059 respiratory specimens, including pharyngeal swab, sputum, nasopharyngeal aspirates and alveolar lavage fluid, as well as relative clinical data were collected from patients with acute respiratory infections from seven sentinel hospitals during November, 2009 to April, 2016 in Shanghai. Respiratory specimens were tested by RT-PCR with HCoV-conserved primers and subsequently genotyped by DNA sequencing. Using specific primers to amplify and sequence full-length Spike (S), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) and nucleocapsid (N) gene from HCoV-OC43 positive samples. Further genotype and phylogenetic analysis of HCoV-OC43 were performed by conducting phylogenetic trees.@*Results@#Among 6 059 patients, the total frequency of HCoV was 63 (1.04%), in which HCoV-OC43 was the most frequently detected species with 34 positive samples, followed by human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) with 18 and 10 positive sample respectively. However, other HCoV like human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), were not been detected, which illustrated that HCoV-OC43 was the dominant subtype. The full-length of S, RDRP and N gene were obtained from 29 HCoV-OC43 positive samples. According to the sequence-analysis, 27 of which was genotype D, 2 of which was genotype B and others genotype, including genotype E, F and G, were not detected. The result indicated that the genotype D may be the dominant genotype. Further analysis of S protein that help HCoV-OC43 to entry host cell and stimulate the host immune system to produce neutralizing antibody found that two important functional domains in S protein, N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) contained more amino acid substitution and positive selection sites, accompanied with amino acid insertion/deletion. 13 positive selection sites were all located in the NTD or RBD, 10 of which were located in the NTD and 3 in the RBD.@*Conclusion@#Human coronavirus OC43 was the major circulation human coronaviurs in Shanghai from 2009 to 2016, in which genotype D was the dominant genotype. NTD and RBD regions of the S protein were hypervariable region during HCoV-OC43 evolution, and had amino acid substitutions as well as amino acid insertion/deletion.

Prestin Expression in HEI-OC1 Cells With Oxidative Stress Damage / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To examine the effects of oxidative stress induced damage to the Prestin expression in HEI-OC1 cells,and to study the mechanism of sensory deafness.Methods We used different concentrations (50μM,100μM,200μM)of hydrogen peroxide canister to cultivate HEI-OC1 cells,and to detect the activity of su-peroxide dismutase(SOD).The quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the prestin expression of mRNA.Results The SOD activity decreased in the HEI-OC1 cells damaged by oxidative stress.The high concentration of the infected group decreased more significantly(F= 9926.293,P<0.01).The expressions of Prestin mRNA and Prestin protein were decreased obviously in the HEI-OC1 cells.The high concentration of in-fected group decreased more significantly (F= 4065.046and7657.217,P<0.01).Conclusion Oxidative stress in-ducing damage inhibits the expression of prestin.Prestin protein may be used as a molecular marker of sensory deafness.

Detection of four human coronaviruses in respiratory infections in children in Fuzhou, China / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#In this study, we tested for the presence of four human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in children with respiratory tract disease in Fuzhou, Fujian, China.@*Methods@#Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children with respiratory tract disease from Nov, 2007 to Jan, 2015. A total of 266 clinical samples were tested for HCoVs using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The positive products were sequenced and compared with those in GenBank by BLAST. The positive samples were then tested for HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-NL63 using RT-PCR method . We compared the 440 bp pol gene sequence of the 8 HCoV isolates in Fuzhou, China to other HCoV isolates documented in the GenBank database by using MEGA software version 6.06 and the neighbor-joining method .@*Results@#HCoVs were detected in 8 patients (3.0%) out of the 266 children. Two of 266 (0.38%) were positive for HCoV-HKU1; 1 of 266(0.38%)were positive for HCoV-NL63; 1 of 266 (0.38%) were positive for HCoV-229E; 4 of 266 (1.5%)were positive for HCoV-OC43. All of children who were positive for HCoV had respiratory illness. Two HCoV-HKU1 were found to co-infect with human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3). The 8 HCoV strains in our study fell into four clusters. Two strains of HCoV-HKU1 were genotype A.@*Conclusions@#HCoV infections were probably associated with upper and lower respiratory illness in children. Additional studies are needed to investigate the potential roles of these HCoVs in diseases.